For instance, the glutamate hypothesis arose initially from observations that administration of ketamine and other non-competitive antagonists at the glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) leads to psychological effects, which closely resemble symptoms that occur in schizophrenia. The advent of PET systems having a resolution of about 1 mm will thus provide a significant improvement for such examinations.īeyond dopamine, present evidence suggests alterations in other major neurotransmission systems in neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Considering the hierarchical organization of the brain it cannot be excluded that some of these structures may have a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The imaging findings support the view that striatal dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission may be central to the disruption of neuronal networks and symptoms of schizophrenia.Īpart from the striatum, the dopamine subsystems also innervate several small brain structures in which there is a limited expression of dopaminergic markers, for instance the amygdala, the entorhinal cortex and subnuclei of the thalamus. Over the years, PET imaging has shown evidence for abnormalities in the brain dopaminergic system and that clinically useful treatments interact with dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. The dopamine system has since long been of central interest in schizophrenia research. Therefore, although some radiopharmaceuticals have the potential for clinical use in relation to mental disorders, none is actually used in the clinical practice. Moreover, most new radiopharmaceuticals require a new expensive specific module, in a hot cell.
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